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Vineland is a city in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 60,724,〔〔〔〔〔〔 reflecting an increase of 4,453 (+7.9%) from the 56,271 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,491 (+2.7%) from the 54,780 counted in the 1990 Census.〔(Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed July 26, 2012.〕 Vineland, Millville and Bridgeton are the three principal New Jersey cities of the Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses those three cities and all of Cumberland County for statistical purposes and had a population of 156,898 as of the 2010 Census.〔(DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ Metro Area ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 8, 2012.〕 Vineland was formed on July 1, 1952, through the merger of Landis Township and Vineland Borough, based on the results of a referendum held on February 5, 1952.〔Snyder, John P. (''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 120. Accessed February 7, 2012.〕〔"Merger Campaign Arouses Vineland; 'Hole' in Jersey 'Doughnut' Fights for Civic Status in February 5 Referendum Merger Defeated in 1929 Wide Interest Noted", ''The New York Times'', November 25, 1951. p. 58〕〔Staff. ("New City Set in Jersey; 2 Communities Vote to Merge as Vineland on July 1" ), ''The New York Times'', February 6, 1952. Accessed February 8, 2012. "Citizens of Landis Township and Vineland Borough voted by a large majority in a special election today to join forces and become one city -- Vineland -- on July 1."〕 Festivities on July 1, 1952, when the merger took effect, included a parade and speeches from such notables as Senator Estes Kefauver.〔Staff. ("Big City Born in Jersey; Vineland Borough and Landis Township Plan Fete Tonight" ), ''The New York Times'', July 1, 1952. Accessed February 8, 2012.〕 The name is derived from the plans of its founder to use the land to grow grapes.〔Hutchinson, Viola L. (''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names'' ), New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed October 18, 2015.〕〔Gannett, Henry. (''The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States'' ), p. 311. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed October 18, 2015.〕 ==History== Charles K. Landis purchased of land in 1861 and another in 1874, near Millville, New Jersey, and along the West Jersey railroad line with service between Camden and Cape May, to create his own alcohol-free utopian society based on agriculture and progressive thinking. The first houses were built in 1862, and train service was established to Philadelphia and New York City, with the population reaching 5,500 by 1865 and 11,000 by 1875.〔(Our People of the Century: Charles K. Landis - Founder of a City, Creator of a Dream ). Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 13, 2008.〕〔(''The Communistic Societies of the United States'' ), Charles Nordhoff, 1875. Accessed September 30, 2014.〕 Established as a Temperance Town, where the sale of alcohol was prohibited, Landis required that purchasers of land in Vineland had to build a house on the purchased property within a year of purchase, that of the often-heavily wooded land had to be cleared and farmed each year, and that adequate space be placed between houses and roads to allow for planting of flowers and shade trees along the routes through town. Landis Avenue was constructed as a wide and about long road running east-west through the center of the community, with other, narrower roads connecting at right angles to each other.〔(The Founding of Vineland and Its Growth as an Agricultural Center ), West Jersey and South Jersey Heritage. Accessed August 28, 2007.〕 After determining that the Vineland soil was well-suited for growing grapes (hence the name), Landis started advertising to attract Italian grape growers to Vineland, offering of land that had to be cleared and used to grow grapes. Thomas Bramwell Welch founded Welch's Grape Juice, and purchased the locally grown grapes to make "unfermented wine" (or grape juice).〔 The fertile ground also attracted the glass-making industry and was home to the Progresso soup company. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, most of the city was involved in the poultry industry, which led to the city being dubbed "The Egg Basket of America."〔Spahr, Rob. ("Vineland celebrates its 150th anniversary with parade, fireworks and cake" ), ''The Press of Atlantic City'', August 8, 2011. Accessed July 26, 2012. "On Sunday, the city wrapped up a weekend-long celebration of the 150th anniversary of Landis’ land acquisition, with carnival rides, a parade, fireworks, commemorative shot glasses, and, of course, birthday cake."〕 Vineland Poultry Laboratories (now Lohman Animal Health) was started by Arthur Goldhaft. Dr. Goldhaft is credited with putting "a chicken in every pot" after developing the fowl pox chicken vaccine that saved millions of chickens from death. Dr. Goldhaft's work at Vineland Poultry Laboratories in Vineland, helped protect the world's chicken supply from the fowl pox disease.〔(Our People of the Century - Arthur Goldhaft: Pioneering Vet Put "a chicken in every pot" ), Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 13, 2008.〕 Vineland had New Jersey's first school for the intellectual disabled, the Vineland Developmental Center, which now has an east and west campus. These institutions housed mentally handicapped women in fully staffed cottages. Henry H. Goddard, an American psychologist, coined the term "Moron" while directing the Research Laboratory at the Training School for Backward and Feeble-minded Children in Vineland. This facility was so sufficiently well known that one American Prison Association pamphlet in 1955 heralded Vineland as "famous for its contributions to our knowledge of the feebleminded".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Come Visit New Jersey… You’ll Never Leave )〕 The city of Vineland celebrated its 150th birthday in 2011. Mayor Robert Romano initially ordered a custom cake from Buddy Valastro of Carlo's Bake Shop in Hoboken, the business featured in the TLC reality television series ''Cake Boss''. After outcry from local business owners, the order was canceled and five Vineland bakeries were commissioned to create elaborate cakes for the event.〔Dineen, Caitlin. ("Vineland's bakeries enjoyed participating in 150th birthday celebration following "Cake Boss" controversy" ), ''The Press of Atlantic City'', August 9, 2011. Accessed July 26, 2012. "Vineland Mayor Robert Romano said when he first called "The Cake Boss" — Buddy Valastro of TLC network fame — to make a cake for Vineland’s 150th birthday celebration it was nothing personal against local bakers, it was simply a chance for free publicity."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vineland, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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